Mineral Resources of the United States, 1888 . aresomewhat more than offset by a slight decline in the first and second COAL. 251 districts; all these variations, however, are so insignificant as to prac-tically leave the prices unchanged from those of 1S87. The followingtable shows the averages of prices paid for hand mining in each districtand the State for a period of six years : Average prices paid per ton in Illinois for hand mining, to 1888. Districts. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. First. $0. $0. $0. $0. 859
Mineral Resources of the United States, 1888 . aresomewhat more than offset by a slight decline in the first and second COAL. 251 districts; all these variations, however, are so insignificant as to prac-tically leave the prices unchanged from those of 1S87. The followingtable shows the averages of prices paid for hand mining in each districtand the State for a period of six years : Average prices paid per ton in Illinois for hand mining, to 1888. Districts. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. First. $0. $0. $0. $0. 859. $0. $ 7055. 6136. Third Fifth The State This shows the lowest price to have been reached in 1886, the year inwhich, also, the smallest aggregate of coal was produced. Following is a combination of the results shown in the foregoingtables of values and prices, in which the ratio is brought out betweenthe principal factor in the cost of production and the value of The foregoing deductions point to the general conclusion that as thevalue of the product aud the price paid for mining decrease, the shareof the total value which the miner receives increases. In the last yearthis share appears as 64 per cent, as against 67 per cent, the year pre-ceding, because of the fact that the movement was not uniform in valuesand juices, the former having increased about 4 cents per ton, while thelatter decreased 1 cent per ton. It should be borne in mind that thesefigures refer only to prices paid for mining with the hand pick andsuch labor as that system implies. Somewhat more than 80 per cent.,however, of all the coal produced in this State is at present mined byhand. Mining with machines.—The process of mining coal has from theearliest period been exclusively a hand process, and that of the ruder 252 MINERAL RESOURCES. sort, requiring strength and endurance rather than a high order ofskill; and the conditions
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