. Agriculture; a text for the school and the farm . Apple clusters, on the left, with calyx lobes spread and in goodcondition for spraying; on the right, with calyx lobes closedand too late for effective spraying. ing with some poison such as the arsenical compounds,which, if eaten, will kill them. The sucking insects can notbe destroyed in this way, since the poison does not penetrateinto the plant tissues whence they draw their food. Forthis group it is necessary to use some preparation that willeither act on their bodies as a caustic, or that will smother THE FRUIT GARDEN 187 them by closin
. Agriculture; a text for the school and the farm . Apple clusters, on the left, with calyx lobes spread and in goodcondition for spraying; on the right, with calyx lobes closedand too late for effective spraying. ing with some poison such as the arsenical compounds,which, if eaten, will kill them. The sucking insects can notbe destroyed in this way, since the poison does not penetrateinto the plant tissues whence they draw their food. Forthis group it is necessary to use some preparation that willeither act on their bodies as a caustic, or that will smother THE FRUIT GARDEN 187 them by closing their breathing pores, or that will fill theair with poisonous fumes. Fungous enemies.—Almost every kind of gardenfruit is a prey to one or more parasitic enemies in the form. Two common defects of apples. The codling moth causesgreater loss to many apple growers than all other insects com-bined, despite the fact that this pest can be controlled by-proper spraying. 188 AGRICULTURE of growths on fruit, foliage or branches. For these pestssprays are used that are fatal to the parasite but not in-jurious to the plant. Scab, rust, rot, blight and mildew are examples offungous enemies. In some cases the one variety attacksseveral different garden fruits, thus allowing the samespraying mixture to be used on all the various crops. Inother cases, different fungicide compounds must be employedfor the different fruits. Spraying.—The composition of some of the differentspraying mixtures is described in Chapter XIII. It is evidentfrom the nature of the insects and diseases attacking fruitthat no one remedy will serve all purposes. Apples, plums,peaches, pears and cherries are the special target of a widerange of insects and fungi. These plants will need severalsprayi
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