. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. THE FRANKS IX THE XIXTH CENTURY exact text of these oaths has been preserved. The pledge givenbefore the men of the West was very obviously in somethinglike French: that given before the men of the East still moreresembled German. The division of lands made by the ensuingTreaty of Verdun (843) was also potent for future history. THE RISE OF FEUDALISM 65 To Charles the Bald was given the western lands, the nucleusobviously of modern France: to Louis the German, the east-ern, most decidedly a large part of modern Germany. Theirbro


. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. THE FRANKS IX THE XIXTH CENTURY exact text of these oaths has been preserved. The pledge givenbefore the men of the West was very obviously in somethinglike French: that given before the men of the East still moreresembled German. The division of lands made by the ensuingTreaty of Verdun (843) was also potent for future history. THE RISE OF FEUDALISM 65 To Charles the Bald was given the western lands, the nucleusobviously of modern France: to Louis the German, the east-ern, most decidedly a large part of modern Germany. Theirbrother Lothair received a long, narrow strip of territory fromthe North Sea down into Italy. It corresponded to no terri-torial division ancient or modern. Lothairs Kingdom1was all they could call it afterward, and Lorraine remainsto this day a debatable land betwixt France and Germany, astanding menace to the peace of Europe. In 887, the last direct Carolingian ceased to reign in Ger-many. The independent Kingdom of Lothair had alreadybeen extinguished — tempo


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