Atlas and text-book of topographic and applied anatomy . ocation the sternal end of the clavicle may press backward upon thesubclavian artery and vein, the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, the trachea, andthe esophagus, and lead not only to compression of the vessels but also to dyspnea and dysphagia. The Lateral Thoracic Wall.—The mammary gland of the male is practically devoid ofinterest. The mammary gland of the female lies upon the pectoralis major between the thirdand seventh ribs and possesses from fifteen to twenty secretory ducts which converge towardthe nipple and hav
Atlas and text-book of topographic and applied anatomy . ocation the sternal end of the clavicle may press backward upon thesubclavian artery and vein, the common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, the trachea, andthe esophagus, and lead not only to compression of the vessels but also to dyspnea and dysphagia. The Lateral Thoracic Wall.—The mammary gland of the male is practically devoid ofinterest. The mammary gland of the female lies upon the pectoralis major between the thirdand seventh ribs and possesses from fifteen to twenty secretory ducts which converge towardthe nipple and have dendritic ramifications. In opening mammary abscesses (after mastitis)the incisions should consequently be made to radiate from the nipple in order to avoid injuringthese ducts. The arteries oj the mammary gland reach their most marked development during the heightof lactation. They originate from three sources: (1) From the perforating branches of the in-ternal mammary artery in the upper five intercostal spaces, but particularly in the second and. Fig. 4 2 Fig. 4;. THE THORACIC WALL. 95 third; (2) from the long thoracic branch of the axillary artery; (3) from the perforating branchesof the upper intercostal arteries. The deep veins accompany the arteries; the subcutaneousveins form a large-meshed network and, in the female, may frequently be seen through the form the plexus venosus mammilla (circulus venosus Halleri) about the nipple and emptyabove into the external jugular vein; they also empty into the long thoracic, thoracico-epigastric,and internal mammary veins. The lymphatic vessels of the mamma are very numerous and form superficial and deepnetworks. The greater portion of the lymph drains into the axillary lymphatic glands.* Theseglands are involved in affections of the mammary gland of the same side, and they are consequentlyremoved together with the breast. In rarer cases they also become involved in affections of theopposite mammary gland, since the l
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