. The science and practice of medicine . of digitalis(oj to oiij of the tincture; or gr. vj to gr. viij of the powder). If these remedies fail, full and frequent doses of gallic acid, or leadand opium, may be given, if the circulation is much accelerated,and of spirits of turpentine in half-drachm doses, if the bleeding isunattended with vascular excitement. The gallic acid should begiven every hour in eight- or ten-grain doses, until the hemorrhageis subdued, or till a dark green color in the sputa indicates its actionin the system (op. cit., p. 265). Absolute bodily and mental rest must be i
. The science and practice of medicine . of digitalis(oj to oiij of the tincture; or gr. vj to gr. viij of the powder). If these remedies fail, full and frequent doses of gallic acid, or leadand opium, may be given, if the circulation is much accelerated,and of spirits of turpentine in half-drachm doses, if the bleeding isunattended with vascular excitement. The gallic acid should begiven every hour in eight- or ten-grain doses, until the hemorrhageis subdued, or till a dark green color in the sputa indicates its actionin the system (op. cit., p. 265). Absolute bodily and mental rest must be insisted on during con-valescence. DISEASES OF THE MOUTH, ETC. 811 CHAPTER XL DISEASES OF THE MOUTH, TONGUE, FAUCES, PHARYNX, LARYNX, AND OESOPHAGUS. Section I.—Aids to the Diagnosis of the Mouth,Fauces, Pharynx, and Larynx. The principle of the speculum in use by dentists, and first usedby Robert Liston, the eminent British surgeon, more than twentyyears ago, in the diagnosis of an ulcerated glottis, has greatly Fig. 40.*. advanced our knowledge of the lesion of parts otherwise beyond ourvision. Science is indebted especially to Garcia, Czermack, and * Laryngoscopic examination of a patient (after Dr. George Johnson).—The illumi-nation of the pharynx is effected by light cast into the patients mouth from a mirrorover the brow of the operator. Dr. Johnson has recently suggested that the opera-tor should also use a shade to shield his eyes from the glare of light (Lancet, August26, 1865). 812 SPECIAL PATHOLOGY DISEASES OF THE MOUTH, ETC. Turck, in Germany, and to Drs. Morell Mackenzie, Gibb, Sieve-king, Johnson, and Walker, in this country, for promoting andmaking known the practical application of the laryngoscope. The Laryngoscope consists of a small flat mirror with a longstem, which, being previously warmed, to prevent the breath con-densing upon it, is introduced into the widely open mouth, as farback as its back part. In the application of the instrument th
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