. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 724 i i ji\J^''^<mru Contribution from the Bureau of Public Roads LOGAN WALLER PAGE, Director. JS-^'^^^J-U Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER. December 21, 1918 DRAINAGE METHODS AND FOUNDATIONS FOR COUNTY ROADS. By E. W. James, General Inspector, Vernon M. Peirce, Assistant Engineer, and Charles H. ^Moorefieli), Senior Hiyhicay Engineer. Primary soils Drainage Design of surface-drainage gutters. Drop inlets and catch basins Page. 1 3 18 24 Subdrainage Foundations Notes on specifications. Page. 28 39 7
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. BULLETIN No. 724 i i ji\J^''^<mru Contribution from the Bureau of Public Roads LOGAN WALLER PAGE, Director. JS-^'^^^J-U Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER. December 21, 1918 DRAINAGE METHODS AND FOUNDATIONS FOR COUNTY ROADS. By E. W. James, General Inspector, Vernon M. Peirce, Assistant Engineer, and Charles H. ^Moorefieli), Senior Hiyhicay Engineer. Primary soils Drainage Design of surface-drainage gutters. Drop inlets and catch basins Page. 1 3 18 24 Subdrainage Foundations Notes on specifications. Page. 28 39 76 The first essential feature of an impr5vecl road is adequate drain- age. It is practically impossible to secure satisfactory results unless this feature be given proper attention. Another prime requirement, wherever a hard-surfaced road is to be constructed, is that a firm and unyielding foundation be provided. The purpose of this bulletin is to supply information concerning the proper methods of draining roadbeds, constructed of various kinds of soil, under different topo- graphic conditions, and also to explain how foundations may be designed to suit the soil conditions, the road surface, and the system of drainage. Since the quality of the soil has such an important influence both on the proper method of drainage and on the proper type of foundation to be employed, it is desirable first to discuss briefly some of the most important characteristics of the different kinds of soils ordinarily encountered in highway construction. PRIMARY SOILS. The texture and structure are the principal properties of soils that determine the manner in which they should be drained and prepared for road foundations. These are important because of their effect on the permeability and capillarity of soils. For the purpose of this discussion, primary soils may be classified as gravel, sand, and clay; but it should be borne in mind that many of the secondary or mixed soils, because of their more ge
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