Base for a Mandala, Ming dynasty (1368–1644), 15th century, China, Cloisonné enamel, H. 3 in. ( cm); Diam. 13 1/2 in. (


Base for a Mandala, Ming dynasty (1368–1644), 15th century, China, Cloisonné enamel, H. 3 in. ( cm); Diam. 13 1/2 in. ( cm), Cloisonné, Ceremonial mandalas were used in later forms of Buddhism, including Esoteric Buddhism, which is noted for its complicated pantheon and rituals. Esoteric Buddhism, which developed in India between the fourth and eighth centuries, flourished in Tibet from the tenth century and was influential at the Chinese court after the fourteenth


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