State formation Indonesia: Mh. - Aruthlessness. No caption Annotation: DLC HH 328 4255. Text In the prison at Magelang, the republican massacred by killing 31 people without trial. Most of them were shot with carabiner shots, while some were put to death by dum-dum-dum-bullets, causing horrific mutilations. Neither the victims nor their relatives knew why the persons involved had been arrested. Date: December 1948 Location: Indonesia Keywords: governance, borders, constitutions, state formation, statemaking

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