. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 520 RUMINANTIA. (fig. 344.). The atlas in the Camels is not thus modified. In all other ruminants, in- cluding the Giraffe, an opening exists in this bone, which is placed at the fore part of the superior ring. The odontoid process of the axis or dentata is well marked and prominent in the short-necked ruminantia, but the Giraffe and Camels have it very small and incorporated with the articular end of the body ; in them, also, very slight traces of transverse " apophyses " are detectable. The dorsal vertebrae a
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 520 RUMINANTIA. (fig. 344.). The atlas in the Camels is not thus modified. In all other ruminants, in- cluding the Giraffe, an opening exists in this bone, which is placed at the fore part of the superior ring. The odontoid process of the axis or dentata is well marked and prominent in the short-necked ruminantia, but the Giraffe and Camels have it very small and incorporated with the articular end of the body ; in them, also, very slight traces of transverse " apophyses " are detectable. The dorsal vertebrae are distinguished for the great length and development of their spinous processes. The latter have an ex- traordinary elevation in the Giraffe, for the attachment of the powerful legamentum nu- chce, which is broadest at this point (fig. 345.). The spinous " apophyses" are large in Fig. Skeleton of the Giraffe. (From Pander and D'Alton.) theBovidce, and still more bulky in Camelidae. proportionate diminution of bony segments; The transverse processes of the lumbar ver- tebrae in the first-named family are extremely prominent, and have a straight lateral di- rection. In the swift-bounding Stags and Antelopes they are shorter, and a little curved forward. In Camelidse they are largely de- veloped, slightly bent downward, and abrupt at their extremities, the last pair being com- paratively short and narrow. The sacrum consists of three, four, or five pieces consoli- dated together, to the anterior of which the ossa ilea are articulated. The spinous pro- cesses form a single continuous crest. The caudal vertebrae vary in number, and, in the foregoing table, eighteen are assigned to this region in the Giraffe. Prof. Owen has counted as many as twenty in the Nubian variety. The Llamas, Stags, Goats, and certain of the Antelopes have the tail short, with a this appendage is of considerable length in the true Camels, the Gnus, the Oxen, and some of the Sheep. The ribs v
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