Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map . atercourses, which theAvesta describes as being the depth and breadth of a dog, ^or has its limits indicated by a row of trees, which it wellrepays the laborer to plant, because of the scarcity of wood forfuel and timber in many parts of Persia. The government to-daywould do well to encourage arboriculture, as it apparently did inthe time of Darius.^ The implements of the luisbandman are still of the mostprimitive kind, and my notes regarding them will serve as acommentary upon a passag


Persia past and present; a book of travel and research, with more than two hundred illustrations and a map . atercourses, which theAvesta describes as being the depth and breadth of a dog, ^or has its limits indicated by a row of trees, which it wellrepays the laborer to plant, because of the scarcity of wood forfuel and timber in many parts of Persia. The government to-daywould do well to encourage arboriculture, as it apparently did inthe time of Darius.^ The implements of the luisbandman are still of the mostprimitive kind, and my notes regarding them will serve as acommentary upon a passage in the Avesta which describes theequipment of the peasant.* The first to be mentioned is theplow (Avestan aesha. Mod. Pers. khish) which I have alreadydescribed as a rude affair,^ consisting generally of the crotch ofa tree cut so that one of the branches may serve as a plowshare 1 See Vd. 3. 23-33. nische KidUir, pp. 373-387, Erlangen, 2 Vd. 14. 12-U. 1882. 3 For general references see Dar- » See Vd. 14. , Le ZA. 2. 32 ; Jackson, See pp. 86-86, 21. 183 ; and Geiger, Ostird-.


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