. A practical manual of the treatment of club-foot. ng most positively the correctness of my first statement—that thereis no lateral motion at the astragalo-tibial articulation. The lateralmovement of the foot, which appears to take place at this joint,actually occurs at the junction of the os calcis with the astragalus,the latter bone being so firmly embraced by the external and inter-nal malleolus as to permit of no lateral movement whatever. THE NOKMAL FOOT. 15 done by the muscles of the hip, as above described,it follows, as a matter of course, that all the othermotions of the foot, such a
. A practical manual of the treatment of club-foot. ng most positively the correctness of my first statement—that thereis no lateral motion at the astragalo-tibial articulation. The lateralmovement of the foot, which appears to take place at this joint,actually occurs at the junction of the os calcis with the astragalus,the latter bone being so firmly embraced by the external and inter-nal malleolus as to permit of no lateral movement whatever. THE NOKMAL FOOT. 15 done by the muscles of the hip, as above described,it follows, as a matter of course, that all the othermotions of the foot, such as twisting the sole in-ward or outward, raising or depressing the arch,etc., must occur between the joints of the othereleven bones of the foot. The toes, being merelyattachments, are not considered as having any in-fluence in these motions. If we carefully examine the foot, as seen inFig. 1, we shall observe that, between the os calcisand astragalus behind, and the cuboid and scaphoidin front, is the medio-tarsal joint, a, b, going com- FlG. a, &. The medio-tarsal articulation, c. The astragalus, d. The os calcis. scaphoid. /. Middle cuneiform, g. External cuneiform, h. Cuboid, metatarsal bones. pletely across the foot, perfectly dividing it into ananterior and posterior portion, admitting in a lim-ited degree of every variety of motion—flexion,extension, abduction, and adduction, as well as ro- 16 THE NOEMAL FOOT. tation inward and outward upon the long axis ofthe foot. I desire to call particular attention tothis compound articulation in the-tarsus, because,by a most remarkable oversight of surgeons, thevery important part which it plays in deformitiesof the feet has until very recently been entirelyunnoticed. The foot, as a means of support, rests uponthree buttresses: the heel behind, which is sta-tionary, and the first and fifth metatarsophalangealarticulations in front, which are slightly movable,capable both of expanding and extending, therebyincreas
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