. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Essex Institute; Natural history; genealogy. 68 ON THE OLDER FORMS OF Mr. Howard Walker informed me that in France he had seen a tiler at work first shaping a flat piece of clay into the proper dimensions and then bending it over the upper part of his leg, at the same time pushing up a nib of clay at the head of the tile with his thumb. In Japan the tiles are made in moulds, dried in the sun, and baked with pine fagots and twigs for fuel. Fig. 84 represents the appearance of a Japanese tilery near Fig. 84. SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS. The older roo


. Bulletin of the Essex Institute. Essex Institute; Natural history; genealogy. 68 ON THE OLDER FORMS OF Mr. Howard Walker informed me that in France he had seen a tiler at work first shaping a flat piece of clay into the proper dimensions and then bending it over the upper part of his leg, at the same time pushing up a nib of clay at the head of the tile with his thumb. In Japan the tiles are made in moulds, dried in the sun, and baked with pine fagots and twigs for fuel. Fig. 84 represents the appearance of a Japanese tilery near Fig. 84. SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS. The older roofing-tiles of the world group themselves into three distinct types, the normal or Asiatic tile, the pan or Belgictile, whichisan outgrowth of the normal tile, and theflat or Germanic tile, which is an independent form. The normal tile, the earliest known form, covers by far the greater number of roofs to-day. With few exceptions it is the only form of tile used in Asia, Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, Sicily, Spain, the countries bordering the southern shores of the Mediterranean, and all the Spanish and Portuguese colonies and countries in both hemispheres. This tile is also found in areas contiguous to the coun. tries above Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Essex Institute. 1n. Salem, Mass. , Essex Institute


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