. Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Vol. 5, p. 34 Asiatic Herpetological Research December 1993. B D FIG. 2. A- Bufo sp. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/112). B- Bufo sp. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/21). C- Bufo sp. Left humerus, drawing reversed for comparison (ZIL/EL/132). D- Ranidae indet. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/150). E- Ranidae indet. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/110). Bar is 1 mm. Rana sp. Material: Humeri ZIL/EL/56, ZIL/EL/74 (Fig. 1C), ZIL/EL/83, ZIL/EL/128, ZIL/EL/148 (Fig. 1A), ZIL/EL/151 (Fig. IB), ZIL/EL/179. Description: The crista ventralis and
. Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Vol. 5, p. 34 Asiatic Herpetological Research December 1993. B D FIG. 2. A- Bufo sp. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/112). B- Bufo sp. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/21). C- Bufo sp. Left humerus, drawing reversed for comparison (ZIL/EL/132). D- Ranidae indet. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/150). E- Ranidae indet. Right humerus (ZIL/EL/110). Bar is 1 mm. Rana sp. Material: Humeri ZIL/EL/56, ZIL/EL/74 (Fig. 1C), ZIL/EL/83, ZIL/EL/128, ZIL/EL/148 (Fig. 1A), ZIL/EL/151 (Fig. IB), ZIL/EL/179. Description: The crista ventralis and crista adventiva delimit a wide, shallow and rather longitudinal depression for muscle insertion. The latter crista may be developed to various degree, whereas the crista ventralis is well developed in nearly all individuals, with a distinctive lingual process (only in ZIL/EL/128 this process is poorly developed, and the crista ventralis continues distally as a gradually lowering ridge). The crista ventralis has a hollow inside its free margin; consequently, it is thinner along its attachment to the diaphysis. This is manifested externally by grooves along the insertion of the crista, on :ither side. The crista lateralis and medialis are directed dorsally, forming thus a longitudinal groove on the dorsal surface of the bone. The proc. lingularis and the outgrowth produced by the crista adventiva may form together a roof over the fossula dividens; this nearly results in a canal. The caput humeri is well prominent ventrally (clearly seen in lateral aspect). Although the distal part of the bone is straight, the crista medialis and lateralis make it seemingly "S" shaped. Lateral epicondylus is entirely absent. Other features may be seen in Fig. IB. Some variation may be observed, mainly in the degree of development of the lingual process and in the extent of the medial and lateral cristae, as well as of the crista adventiva. Anatomical notes: As may be deduced from the c
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