. Critical trends in Illinois ecosystems. Ecological assessment (Biology); Environmental impact analysis; Nature; Pollution; Conservation of natural resources; Environmental quality. CTAP moniturs the biocUversity of forest communities, including changes in the species composition of the plant and bird populations, as well as the status of invasive species. backbone that live on stream bottoms) that are relatively easy to identify and represent a wide range of tolerance to organic pollution. As indicators of stream health they help measure biodiversity (taxa richness and taxa dominance) as wel
. Critical trends in Illinois ecosystems. Ecological assessment (Biology); Environmental impact analysis; Nature; Pollution; Conservation of natural resources; Environmental quality. CTAP moniturs the biocUversity of forest communities, including changes in the species composition of the plant and bird populations, as well as the status of invasive species. backbone that live on stream bottoms) that are relatively easy to identify and represent a wide range of tolerance to organic pollution. As indicators of stream health they help measure biodiversity (taxa richness and taxa dominance) as well as pollution tolerance (macroinverte- brate biotic index (MBO and EPT taxa richness). • Fish communities are good indicators of long-term impacts that occur over a broad range of scales — they feed at a range of trophic levels (other fish, insects, plants, etc.), and are consumed by humans for food. Also, they are relatively easy to collect, are directly related to water quaUty standards used by many government agencies, and account for nearly half of the endangered vertebrate species and subspecies in the environ- mental tolerance, life histories, and geographic distributions are better known for fishes than for any other group of freshwater organisms. Indicators generated from data on fishes include species richness, relative abundance, community structure (ratios of the different types of fishes in the samples), and the diversity and abundance of hybrids and exotic species. FORESTS During the first half of the 19th century forests cov- ered roughly 38% ( million acres) of Illinois. Currently only about 14% ( million acres) of the state remains in forest. Most of the present-day forests have been fragmented into very small parcels of land, and the abundance of species that require large forested tracts to survive, such as the pileated woodpecker and wood thrush, have declined. Small fragmented parcels are also more susceptible to intrusion by invasive spe
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