. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. PRINCIPLES AMD PRACTICE OF PRUNING. 105 be applied as in forming dwarf pears, with the exception of the form given to them, and being more dwarfish in growth, less shortening of the shoots is required (Fig. 147). Small, slow-growing varieties, as the Melon, Early Joe, Red Canada, Hawley, Jonathan, Lady Sweet, Summer Pear- main, Dyer, Lady, and Lowell, may be pruned into pyramids and kept small, so as to stand not farther than ten feet apart. Thriftier
. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. PRINCIPLES AMD PRACTICE OF PRUNING. 105 be applied as in forming dwarf pears, with the exception of the form given to them, and being more dwarfish in growth, less shortening of the shoots is required (Fig. 147). Small, slow-growing varieties, as the Melon, Early Joe, Red Canada, Hawley, Jonathan, Lady Sweet, Summer Pear- main, Dyer, Lady, and Lowell, may be pruned into pyramids and kept small, so as to stand not farther than ten feet apart. Thriftier varieties, on Doucin stock, may be treated in the same way. The Cherry and Plum may be pruneu in the form of pyra- mids on the same principles as the apple and pear. The Mo- rello and Duke cherries may be treated either as pyramids or as smaller, rounded, open-headed dwarfs. Pruning Apple-Orchards in Bearing.—The mode of pruning old neglected apple-trees, with a view to restoring their vigor and fruitfulness, is more particu- larly pointed out on another page; it may be only necessary here to remark that the chief requisites to keep steadily in view during the operation, are: i. To avoid cutting off large limbs except in cases of absolute necessity. 2. To admit light equally into all parts of the tree by thinning out the branches. 3. To remove all crooked or badly growing limbs, and reserve a hand- some evenly distributed top. 4. To do the work gradually, or in successive years, and commenc- ing by preference at the top or centre, which will favor an open top. 5. To give a coating on all fresh wounds an inch or more in diameter, of the composition made of shellac dis- solved in alcohol, just thick enough to be of the consistence of paint. The surface should be allowed to remain uncovered a few days after the cut is made, in order to become dry. The handle of the brush being inserted in the cork, it is kept air-tight in drying, and alway ready; but fine sand, brick dust, or p
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