. The book of wheat : an economic history and practical manual of the wheat industry. flooding and through furroAvs. The former is gen-erally used in groAving grain. There are two methods offlooding, the check system and by Avild flooding. By the latterprocess a level field is completely submerged. When the groundis not level enough for this, the field is diAided into compart-* Hinton, Rcpt. on Irriga., Cong, serial No. 2899, part I, p. S. 120 THE BOOK OF WHEAT ments by ridges. The highest compartment is flooded to thetop of the ridge, which is then opened on the lower side. Thewater thus pass
. The book of wheat : an economic history and practical manual of the wheat industry. flooding and through furroAvs. The former is gen-erally used in groAving grain. There are two methods offlooding, the check system and by Avild flooding. By the latterprocess a level field is completely submerged. When the groundis not level enough for this, the field is diAided into compart-* Hinton, Rcpt. on Irriga., Cong, serial No. 2899, part I, p. S. 120 THE BOOK OF WHEAT ments by ridges. The highest compartment is flooded to thetop of the ridge, which is then opened on the lower side. Thewater thus passes into the next comijartment, and this pro-cedure is continued until all the compartments are the land is properly prepared and irrigated before thewheat is sown, two subsequent iri-igations will make a goodcrop. When the soil is thus used as a storage reservoir, inparts of Kansas and California no irrigation is needed betweenplanting and harvesting. Alkali.—Arid region soils are usually rich in mineral in-gredients. This is because such soils originated in the de-. THE FURROW METHOD OF IRRIGATING composition of rocks in regions Avhere the rainfall is too scantyto wash out the soluble elements as in humid regions. Thesoluble salts are naturally distributed throughout tlie soil, andare not hai-mful until the application of irrigation water. Theyare then leached out of the higher grounds and concentratedin the lower lands. Evaporation tends to bring them to thesurface. Many irrigation waters also contain much salt in so-lution, which results in a further deposition of salt. The resultof these factors is often ruinous to vegetation. Many thou-sands of acres have been thus rendered unfit for cultivation inthe United States, and the agricultural industries of 59 vil-lages in India were wholly or partly destroyed by the rise of CROP ROTATION AND IRRIGATION 121 alkali previous to 1864. Water containing over 1,000 parts ofsalt in a million has been used without injuiy.
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