Pennsylvania, colonial and federal : a history, 1608-1903 . ^ at first consistedof strong parallel wooden rails, resting on sleepers, and the latteron the firm earth, and there was no thought then of grades and 296. Francis Rawn Shunk Clerk of State Legislature; secretary Hoard ofCanal Commissioners 1836-1838; secretary of state1838 ; governor 1845-1848 Internal Improvements curves, overcome and adjusted with engineering skill, for thetramroad of early days covered only short distances and no at-tempt was made to surmount grades, that being a later step inthe g^rand evolution of scientific rai
Pennsylvania, colonial and federal : a history, 1608-1903 . ^ at first consistedof strong parallel wooden rails, resting on sleepers, and the latteron the firm earth, and there was no thought then of grades and 296. Francis Rawn Shunk Clerk of State Legislature; secretary Hoard ofCanal Commissioners 1836-1838; secretary of state1838 ; governor 1845-1848 Internal Improvements curves, overcome and adjusted with engineering skill, for thetramroad of early days covered only short distances and no at-tempt was made to surmount grades, that being a later step inthe g^rand evolution of scientific railroading. Horse power, too,for many years was used in transporting freight, and it was notuntil 1769 that steam power was applied to the moving of vehicleson tramroads, although a carriage propelled b} steam power wasinvented and used in Paris in 1763. Soon after the construction of tramroads the builders, in orderto render more durable the parallel wooden rails, began to protecttheir tops with straps of iron, and in 1738 some enterprisinggenius produced a rail made wholly of iron—an iron rail—fromwhich was derived the name railroad. A recent writer on thesubject has said that these rails were cast, and
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookidpennsylvania, bookyear1903
