Fishes . Fi(5. 433.—^Soapiisli, Ryplicus bislrispinus (Mitchill). Virginia. best known of the numerous species, which all belong to trop-ical America. Graministcs, with eight dorsal spines, is a relatedform in Polynesia, bright yellow, with numerous black species referred to the Scrramdce occur in the Eoceneand Miocene rocks. Some are related to Epineplielns, others toRoccHS and Lates. In the Tertiary lignite of Brazil is a speciesof Pcrcicliiliys, Pcrcichthys antiqiiiis, with Propcrca beaiiuionti,which seem to be a primitive form of the bass, allied toDiccntrarchus. Prolaies


Fishes . Fi(5. 433.—^Soapiisli, Ryplicus bislrispinus (Mitchill). Virginia. best known of the numerous species, which all belong to trop-ical America. Graministcs, with eight dorsal spines, is a relatedform in Polynesia, bright yellow, with numerous black species referred to the Scrramdce occur in the Eoceneand Miocene rocks. Some are related to Epineplielns, others toRoccHS and Lates. In the Tertiary lignite of Brazil is a speciesof Pcrcicliiliys, Pcrcichthys antiqiiiis, with Propcrca beaiiuionti,which seem to be a primitive form of the bass, allied toDiccntrarchus. Prolaies heberti of the Cretaceous, one of theearliest of the series, has the caudal rotmded and is apparentlyallied to Lates, as is also the heavily armed Acamts ret^ley-siaints of the Oligocene. Smerdis minuttis, a small fish from theOligoccne, is also related to Lates, which genus with Rocciis andDiccntrarchus must represent the most primitive of existingmembers of this family. Of both Smerdis and Dicentrarch


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