. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. COPPER TOXICITY IN THE BLUE MUSSEL 685 The results of copper uptake studies are indicated in Figure 3. Copper con- centrations peaked at 22 hours exposure and then declined to the normal range. The results of both methods employed in detoxification studies were similar. Animal respiration was within normal limits after treating sea water-copper solu- tions as previously indicated with either live animals or heat killed homogenate. The heart rates of the points on the graph (Fig. 4) are the mean heart rates of eight animals a
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. COPPER TOXICITY IN THE BLUE MUSSEL 685 The results of copper uptake studies are indicated in Figure 3. Copper con- centrations peaked at 22 hours exposure and then declined to the normal range. The results of both methods employed in detoxification studies were similar. Animal respiration was within normal limits after treating sea water-copper solu- tions as previously indicated with either live animals or heat killed homogenate. The heart rates of the points on the graph (Fig. 4) are the mean heart rates of eight animals at each concentration. Two standard deviations are indicated about each point. Copper was added only after regular beating was established. Controls showed regular beating for 24 hours. Xo change in heart rate at mg/1 copper was noted, but at higher concentrations a general dose response is clearly apparent within one hour. EACH CURVE REPRESENTS MEAN HEART RATE OF 8 ANIMALS CO 5 LL) m a: < o a: h-. 5 - 240 0 90 120 150 TIME - MINUTES FIGURE 4. Effect of Cu(II) on .V. ctiulis heart rate at 10° C. DISCUSSION In the sea, normal concentrations of copper lie between mg 1 in coastal waters (Atkins, 1932), and mg/1 in the open sea (Goldberg, 1963). Little is known of the copper cycle, and the distribution of this metal in the open sea. although Riley (1937) suggests that in deeper oceanic waters concentrations are significantly higher than at the surface. The Federal Water Quality Administra- tion Report (1970) sampled 30 stations in Penobscot and Blue Hill Bays during 1967 and 1968 and reported water values ranging from mg/1 around Cape Rosier area with the Blue Hill area twelve miles to the northeast ranging from mg/1. Our own values, 12 determinations in each case, obtained in October 1970 give a mean of mg/1 total copper in the water near the mine site and for our control area which was at Lamoine, Maine (44° 27' N, 68° 17
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