The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder easternberingsea00hood Year: 1981 NELSON LAGOON 15 1 15 JULY AUGUST 1 SEPT 15 15 JULY 1 15 AUGUST 1 SEPT 15 1 OCT 15 Figure 41-2. Total shorebird densities over littoral habitats at four study sites in the eastern Bering Sea region. Data at Wales from Connors (1978); Norton Sound, Shields and Peyton (1979) and unpublished; Yukon Delta, Gill and Handel, unpub- lished; and Nelson Lagoon, Gill and Jorgensen (1979) and unpublished. The smaller sandpipers, particularly Dunlin, Western Sandpi
The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder easternberingsea00hood Year: 1981 NELSON LAGOON 15 1 15 JULY AUGUST 1 SEPT 15 15 JULY 1 15 AUGUST 1 SEPT 15 1 OCT 15 Figure 41-2. Total shorebird densities over littoral habitats at four study sites in the eastern Bering Sea region. Data at Wales from Connors (1978); Norton Sound, Shields and Peyton (1979) and unpublished; Yukon Delta, Gill and Handel, unpub- lished; and Nelson Lagoon, Gill and Jorgensen (1979) and unpublished. The smaller sandpipers, particularly Dunlin, Western Sandpipers, and Rock Sandpipers, generally roost along the littoral-vegetation interface, usually flying from 1 to 3 km to feeding areas. Species of both groups appear to remain faithful to both feeding and roosting areas, at least well into molt and early stages of fat deposition, and probably until migration (Gill and Handel, unpublished). On the Alaska Peninsula, most shorebirds roost in littoral or supralittoral areas (Gill, unpublished). In winter there is little use of the eastern Bering Sea region by shorebirds because littoral areas be- come ice-fast and unavailable for foraging. Only in Bristol Bay, along the ice-free western Alaska Penin- sula, can wintering shorebirds be found regularly. Here relatively low numbers of Rock Sandpipers oc- cur on rocky shores and gravelly beaches, and Sander- lings (Calidris alba) on sand and mud-sand substrates. Migration The shorebirds of the eastern Bering Sea engage in some of the most varied and highly specialized migra- tions among birds, many involving sex- and age- related differences, both in timing and in the routes used. Shorebird migration over western Alaska is a pronounced seasonal phenomenon: the spring migra- tion is distinctly different from that in fall. Spring migration can be characterized as short and direct, often occurring during a period of a few weeks, usu- ally in mid- to late May. Once along west and north coastal
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