The farmer his own builder : a guide and reference book for the construction of dwellings, barns and other farm buildings, together with their utilities, describing reliable methods, offering practical suggestions, presenting numerous details and formulas, and explaining simple rules for estimating the labor and materials required With special reference to concrete and carpentry . Fig. 18.—Rubble masonry: Irregular stones without any attempt at courses. Masonry composed of unsquared stones is calledrubble, which, in turn, comprises two classes: (1)Uncoursed rubble, in which stones of different
The farmer his own builder : a guide and reference book for the construction of dwellings, barns and other farm buildings, together with their utilities, describing reliable methods, offering practical suggestions, presenting numerous details and formulas, and explaining simple rules for estimating the labor and materials required With special reference to concrete and carpentry . Fig. 18.—Rubble masonry: Irregular stones without any attempt at courses. Masonry composed of unsquared stones is calledrubble, which, in turn, comprises two classes: (1)Uncoursed rubble, in which stones of different shapesand sizes are laid without any attempt at regular courses,and (2) coursed rubble, in which the stones areleveled off at specific intervals to an approximate line.(See Fig. 19.) Ashlar masonry is composed of blocks of stone cutto regular figures, generally rectangular, and built in 52 THE FARMER HIS OWN BUILDER courses of uniform height. The distinction betweenregular ashlar and broken ashlar and other classes G2ftfi6ifi32»3)ea a. Fig. 19.—Coursed rubble: Unsquared stones leveled at regular intervals. of cut stonework will be described later. For the pres-ent we will consider them in a general way. MEASURING STONEWORK Stone masonry is measured by two systems: Quarry-mans and Masons Measurements. In the former theactual contents of the work is measured. In the latterno allowance is made for openings less than 3 x 3 feet,all piers and corners are doubled, and arches are countedsolid from their spring. The spring of an arch is thepoint from which the curve of the arch starts from thesupporting wall or abutment. The Masons system ismore commonly used; it is the easiest, and rendersequally reliable results. In taking off a stone founda-tion by this method, it is customary to measure eachwall from outside face to outside face, thus doubling thecorners. This doubling is considered to make up for MATERIALS REQUIRED S3 the extra care and labor of laying up the corner. Forthe
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublisherphiladelphiadmckay
