. Bulletin. Ethnology. VICTORIANO, MISSION INDIAN (UUISENO), CALIFORNIA Lower California. The mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, was the first per- manent white settlement within the limits of the present state; it was followed by 20 other Franciscan missions, founded at intervals until the year 1823 in the re- gion between San Diego and San Fran- cisco bay and just n. of the latter. With very few exceptions the Indians of this territory were brought under the influ- ence of- the missionaries with compara- tively little difficulty, and more by per- suasion than by the use of force. Tliere
. Bulletin. Ethnology. VICTORIANO, MISSION INDIAN (UUISENO), CALIFORNIA Lower California. The mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, was the first per- manent white settlement within the limits of the present state; it was followed by 20 other Franciscan missions, founded at intervals until the year 1823 in the re- gion between San Diego and San Fran- cisco bay and just n. of the latter. With very few exceptions the Indians of this territory were brought under the influ- ence of- the missionaries with compara- tively little difficulty, and more by per- suasion than by the use of force. Tliere is scarcely a record of any resistance or rebellion on the part of the natives re- sulting in the loss of life of even a single Spaniard at any of the missions except at San Diego, where there occurred an insig- nificant outbreak a few years after the foundation. The influenceof the missions was prolja- bly greater temporally than spiritually. The Indians were taught and comi)ellcd to work at agricultural pursuits and to some extent even at trades. Discipline, while not severe, was rigid; refusal to work was met by deprivation of food, and absence from church or tardiness there, by corpora] punishments and con- finement. Consequently the Indians, while often displaying nuich jiersonal af- fection for the missionaries themselves, were always inclined to be recalcitrant toward the system, which amounted to little else than beneficent servitude. There were many attempts at escape from the missions, (ienerally these were fruit- less, both on account of the presence of a few soldiers at each mission and through the aid given these by other Indians more under the fathers' influence. The Indians at each mission lived at and about it, often in houses of native type and construction, lint were dependent for most of their food directly on the authori- ties. They consisted of the tribes of the region in which the mission was founded and of more distant tribes, generally from the interior.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectethnolo, bookyear1901
