Practical pathology; a manual for students and practitioners . els when the search for a lobule isentered upon. To find a loliule, look first for several portal spaces, which may berecognised by the fact that they contain several openings. Imagine lines drawn fromthese spaces to a common centre. Near this centre will be found a single opening—the hepatic vein, the centre of a lobule. The periphery of this lobule is marked byimaginary lines adjoining the several portal spaces running at right angles to thosedrawn towards the centre. NORMAL STRUCTURE 2V- capillary vessels, said to be lined by a
Practical pathology; a manual for students and practitioners . els when the search for a lobule isentered upon. To find a loliule, look first for several portal spaces, which may berecognised by the fact that they contain several openings. Imagine lines drawn fromthese spaces to a common centre. Near this centre will be found a single opening—the hepatic vein, the centre of a lobule. The periphery of this lobule is marked byimaginary lines adjoining the several portal spaces running at right angles to thosedrawn towards the centre. NORMAL STRUCTURE 2V- capillary vessels, said to be lined by a discontinuous epithelium, the in-dividual cells of which are known as Kupffers stellate cells. These haveall the characters of actively phagocytic endothelial cells. The bloodis thus brought into very close contact with the liver cells. Minotmaintains that the blood comes into direct contact with the liver cells,and that as the endothelium does not form a complete layer, there isno basement membrane. There are no true lymphatics in this position. i-UMfv^^,. Fig. 32.—Diagrammatic representation of the structure of a smallportion of the liver, altered from (^uains Anatomy. a. Sublohular vein, into which the central veins, or hepatic venules{b) open. c. Interlobular fissure, in which run the portal vein, etc. ; runningfrom the portal vein to the central vein are the portal capil-laries, d. e. The parenchymatous tissue, or gland substance proper, composedof masses of polyhedral cells. and certainly no perivascular lymphatics. Between individual cells,or it may be at the angles between several cells, are the bile capillaries,which in their most minute ramifications are simply channels betweenadjacent liver cells, or actually within their substance (see ^§ 232 and241). These intra- and inter-cellular channels are continued into thesmaller bile ducts, the epithelial cells of which appear to be derivedfrom the same source as the liver cells. The central veins of a group of lobules
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