. Animal husbandry for schools. Livestock. CHAPTER VII JUDGING CATTLE Since the age of cattle is a very important factor in determining their value, we should learn the methods of estimating it before attempting to judge them. 209. How to estimate the age of cattle. — As with horses, the teeth furnish the best index to the age of cattle, although the horns, when present, are used to some extent. While the order of the ap- pearance of the permanent teeth and their method of wearing are considered the most accurate means of estimating age among cattle, they are not abso- lutely accurate nor are
. Animal husbandry for schools. Livestock. CHAPTER VII JUDGING CATTLE Since the age of cattle is a very important factor in determining their value, we should learn the methods of estimating it before attempting to judge them. 209. How to estimate the age of cattle. — As with horses, the teeth furnish the best index to the age of cattle, although the horns, when present, are used to some extent. While the order of the ap- pearance of the permanent teeth and their method of wearing are considered the most accurate means of estimating age among cattle, they are not abso- lutely accurate nor are they as depend- able as in the horse. Teeth in cattle vary in much the same manner as in the horse (p. 34). The calf is often born with the cen- tral pair of milk teeth, and the remain- ing pairs appear within the first month after birth. The calf is provided with four pairs of incisor teeth. There are incisors in the lower jaw only, the up- per being provided with a cartilaginous pad. When the animal is approximately eighteen months of age, the middle pair of milk teeth is replaced by per- manent ones, which are fully twice as broad as the milk teeth, hence easily 130. Fig. 58. —Cow's teeth arranged according to age. Lower row 12 months of age, second row 18 months, third row 27 months, fourth row 36 months, ' fifth row 45 months and top row ten years of Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Harper, Merritt Wesley, 1877-. New York, The Macmillan company
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