Handbook of medical entomology . 145. Pellagrous eruption on the hand. After Watson. cated that pellagra was of protozoal origin, and that it was insect-borne. The insect carriers, he believed to be one or more species ofSimuliidse, or black-flies. In support of this he stated that SimuUumappears to effect the same topographical conditions as pellagra,that in its imago stage it seems to present the same seasonal incidence,that it has a wide geographical distribution which seems to coverthat of pellagra, and that species of the genus are known to causesevere epizootics. Concluding from his stud
Handbook of medical entomology . 145. Pellagrous eruption on the hand. After Watson. cated that pellagra was of protozoal origin, and that it was insect-borne. The insect carriers, he believed to be one or more species ofSimuliidse, or black-flies. In support of this he stated that SimuUumappears to effect the same topographical conditions as pellagra,that in its imago stage it seems to present the same seasonal incidence,that it has a wide geographical distribution which seems to coverthat of pellagra, and that species of the genus are known to causesevere epizootics. Concluding from his studies in Italy, that pel-lagra was limited almost wholh to agricultural laborers, he pointedout that the Simulium flies are found only in rural districts, and as arule do not enter towns, villages, or houses. When Sambons detailed report was published in 1910, his theorywas seized upon e^•er>whcre by workers who were anxious to test it Arthropod Transmission of Disease. 146. A favorite breeding place of Simulium. Ithaca, N. Y. Pellagra 249 and who, in most cases, were favorably disposed towards it becauseof the wonderful progress which had been made in the understandingof other insect-borne diseases. In this country, the entomologicalaspects of the subject have been dealt with especially by Forbes(1912), and by King and Jennings, under the direction of W. , of the Bureau of Entomology, and in co-operation withthe Thompson-McFadden Pellagra Commission of the Departmentof Tropical Medicine of the New York Post-Graduate MedicalSchool. An important series of experiments with monkeys hasbeen undertaken by Hunter, of Kansas, but unfortunately we haveas yet no satisfactory evidence that these animals are susceptibleto the disease—a fact which renders the whole problem difficult. The accumulated evidence is increasingly opposed to Sambonshypothesis of the transmission of pellagra by Simulium. This hasbeen so clearly manifested in the work of t
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