Bishops in Westminster Hall, denouncing the papal sentence of excommunication, forcing Henry III to reaffirm the Great Charter of 1225, in exchange for taxation in 1253
Illustration from Cassell's illustrated history of England published circa 1896. Engraving by Charles William Sheeres (1851 - 1868; fl.). Bishops denouncing the papal sentence of excommunication on supporters of the Magna Carta. Info from wiki: In early 1225, a great council approved a tax of £40,000 to dispatch an army, which quickly retook Gascony.[107][108] In exchange for agreeing to support Henry, the barons demanded that the King reissue Magna Carta and the Charter of the Forest.[109][110] The content was almost identical to the 1217 versions, but in the new versions, the King declared that the charters were issued of his own "spontaneous and free will" and confirmed them with the royal seal, giving the new Great Charter and the Charter of the Forest of 1225 much more authority than the previous versions.[111][110] The barons anticipated that the King would act in accordance with these charters, subject to the law and moderated by the advice of the nobility.[112][113] Uncertainty continued, and in 1227, when he was declared of age and able to rule independently, Henry announced that future charters had to be issued under his own seal.[114][115] This brought into question the validity of the previous charters issued during his minority, and Henry actively threatened to overturn the Charter of the Forest unless the taxes promised in return for it were actually paid.[114][115] In 1253, Henry confirmed the charters once again in exchange for taxation
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