. Bulletin. Science. Figure 37.—Calibration of two Clark cells. From Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1874, vol. 164, p. 14, fig. 6. under certain conditions. The possibilities inherent in such a technique drew the attention of many inventors to the new phenomenon. The development of steam as a prime mover for factory machinery during the Industrial Revolution and the rapid development of steam locomotives and steamboats during the 30's and 40's of the 19th century made inventors dream of applying the new force of electricity in a similar way to manufacturing and comm
. Bulletin. Science. Figure 37.—Calibration of two Clark cells. From Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1874, vol. 164, p. 14, fig. 6. under certain conditions. The possibilities inherent in such a technique drew the attention of many inventors to the new phenomenon. The development of steam as a prime mover for factory machinery during the Industrial Revolution and the rapid development of steam locomotives and steamboats during the 30's and 40's of the 19th century made inventors dream of applying the new force of electricity in a similar way to manufacturing and commerce. Before this dream could be realized, however, certain prerequisites had to be fulfilled. A means of applying electrical energy to produce a mechanical force had to be found, a switch had to he devised to make it possible to apply the mechanical force at the right time in the cycle of the motor, and an appropriate recipient for the mechanical force had to be discovered. The invention that enabled man to convert electrical energy into a mechanical force was the electromagnet. The commutator was the switch that determined when the force was applied, and the recipient of the force was the armature. In addition, there had to be devised the most efficient arrangement of electromagnets, commutator, and armature for the production of rotational motion. Actually our modern motor did not develop from the efforts of this period, but such attempts are nonetheless interesting for they reveal the state of electrical technology in the middle of the 19th century. PAPER 28: DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE 19TH CENTURY: I 255. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Smithsonian Institution; United States. Dept. of the Interior; United States National Museum. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Pres
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