. Principles of agricultural chemistry [microform] . Fig. 70. —Nitrate of soda, partly blasted up. plants, and, unless taken up by plants, will be washed from thesoil. It contains about 15 per cent, of nitrogen. It is oftencalled chile saltpeter. Sulphate of ammonia is a by-product obtained in the manu-facture from coal, of illuminating gas, and of coke. A part of thenitrogen of the coal passes off as ammonia, and is removed bypassing the gas through sulphuric acid, forming sulphate of am-monia (NH^)2S04. It contains about 20 per cent, of is fixed by the soil, and is not as av
. Principles of agricultural chemistry [microform] . Fig. 70. —Nitrate of soda, partly blasted up. plants, and, unless taken up by plants, will be washed from thesoil. It contains about 15 per cent, of nitrogen. It is oftencalled chile saltpeter. Sulphate of ammonia is a by-product obtained in the manu-facture from coal, of illuminating gas, and of coke. A part of thenitrogen of the coal passes off as ammonia, and is removed bypassing the gas through sulphuric acid, forming sulphate of am-monia (NH^)2S04. It contains about 20 per cent, of is fixed by the soil, and is not as available to plants as SOURCES AND COMPOSITION Of FERTILIZERS 295 nitrates, or as easily washed out. It changes to nitric acid in thesoil, and nitric acid and sulphuric acid unite with lime to formnitrates and sulphates. The use of ammonium sulphate tends todecrease the carbonate of lime in the soil, or to render the soilacid. Calcium Cyanamide.—This substance is prepared by passingatmospheric nitrogen over calcium carbide. It decomposes slowly. Fig. 71.—Crystallizing pans with nitrate of soda. in the soil, with the production of nitrates. Under the mostfavorable conditions, it appears to have a value equal to sodiumnitrate, but if applied too soon before planting, or to acid humussoils, it may have injurious effects. Organic Materials,—The organic nitrogenous fertilizers cannotbe taken up directly by plants but must first be converted into am-monia or nitrates. Their value depends upon their content ofnitrogen, and the readiness with which they undergo decomposi-tion in the soil. 296 PRINCIPIvKS OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY Dried blood comes from the large slaughtering establishments,and is of two kinds, red and black. The red dried blood resultsfrom drying at the temperature of boiling water, at which tem-perature it does not char. The black dried blood is dried at ahigher temperature, and decays more slowly. Dried blood is oneof the most concentrated organic nitrogenous f
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