The evolution of France under the third republic . ailles, in the month of August;regrettable scenes took place ; the most unexpectedamendments were proposed with the only too evidentobject of preventing settlements, of confusing the de-bates, and of casting discredit upon the Assembly. AByzantine discussion sprang up as to the great and thelittle quorum (that is to say, the number upon whichthe majority was to be calculated ; calculated upon thelegal total of the congressional forces, it was 429 votes ; 1 The conservatives retained their places; the radicals lost, to the ad-vantage of the mod
The evolution of France under the third republic . ailles, in the month of August;regrettable scenes took place ; the most unexpectedamendments were proposed with the only too evidentobject of preventing settlements, of confusing the de-bates, and of casting discredit upon the Assembly. AByzantine discussion sprang up as to the great and thelittle quorum (that is to say, the number upon whichthe majority was to be calculated ; calculated upon thelegal total of the congressional forces, it was 429 votes ; 1 The conservatives retained their places; the radicals lost, to the ad-vantage of the moderates. In Paris, the situation remained much thesame. The Council comprised 34 autonomists, 27 opportunists, 7 inde-pendents, 10 reactionaries, 1 possibilist socialist, 1 revolutionary socialist. 2 No doubt, also, for the jjurpose of relieving the numerous deputieswho had inscribed the revision upon their electoral platforms. 3 This law was destined to be modified, later on, like an ordinary law,and the irremovability of the senators JULES SIMON, MINISTER, SENATOR, ANDFRENCH ACADEMY. MEMBER OF THE THE JULES FERRY MINISTRY. 151 calculated upon the real total, it was only 420 votes).But when the adversaries of the ministry failed to pre-vent the Congress fulfilling its mission, they describedit as a defiance hurled at democracy, and publisheda noisy manifesto of protestation. For the first time,Jules Ferry had appeared not undecided, but as if hehad lost his bearings ; ^ perhaps he was astonished atthat isolation which was beginning for him and whichhe learned, later on, to bear so valiantly. In propor-tion as the minister waxed greater, and his energeticfigure stood out more and more from the low relief ofthe government, a void was created around him ; in thecase of certain of his adversaries, opposition degener-ated into rage; among his former partisans, jealousy madeits ravages; in addition, there was that general inca-pacity for supporting in a free and consecut
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