Nervous and mental diseases . nd the posi-tion of the palpebral curtains. Based upon the studies ofSchaefer, Unverricht, Danillo,Munk, and his own experi-ments, Roux x asserts that the oculomotor apparatus has a double corticalrepresentation ; first an anterior one at the foot of the second frontalconvolution, and, second, a posterior center in the occipital region. VonBechterew 2 also contends that irritation of the anterior margin of theoccipital lobe in the dog produces narrowing of the pupil and increaseof accommodative effort. The various ocular muscles serve to move the globe in the orbi
Nervous and mental diseases . nd the posi-tion of the palpebral curtains. Based upon the studies ofSchaefer, Unverricht, Danillo,Munk, and his own experi-ments, Roux x asserts that the oculomotor apparatus has a double corticalrepresentation ; first an anterior one at the foot of the second frontalconvolution, and, second, a posterior center in the occipital region. VonBechterew 2 also contends that irritation of the anterior margin of theoccipital lobe in the dog produces narrowing of the pupil and increaseof accommodative effort. The various ocular muscles serve to move the globe in the orbit inthe directions indicated by their names ; but the superior and inferiorrecti, owing to the oblique direction from the apex of the orbit to theirinsertion, also draw the eyeball toward the nose and rotate it is counteracted by the oblique muscles and the external rectus, butthe oblique muscles also act in convergence. Convergence of the eyes, 1 Arch, de Neurol., Sept., 1899. 2 Neurolog. Centralblatt, May, Fig. 3»5.—Diagrammatic longitudinal section of themid-brain, Bhowing the relation f tlie nuclear centersfor the ocular muscles ^after liri^aud). 106 DISEASES OF THE CRANIAL NERVES. necessary for all close vision, is thus much better provided for than theopposite action. Voluntary divergent squint is impossible. The motor nerves of the eye may be diseased (1) at their nuclearorigin, (2) in their intracerebral course, (3) in their intracranial coursefrom apparent origin to their cranial outlets, and (4) within the groups of symptoms are produced : (1) Pupillary variations, (2)disturbance of accommodation, (3) muscular incompetence and squint,(4) double vision. It is by the study of these symptoms, their mutualcombinations, and the association or absence of other cerebral indica-tions that a distinctive and localizing diagnosis is possible. We willfirst consider the individual nerves. Ocular Palsies.—Complete division of the third nerve paral
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