. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 132 CHESTNUT Castanea dentata, (Marshall) Borkhausen FOEM—A large tree usually attaining a height of 60-80 ft. with a diameter of 8-4 ft. but may reach a height of over 100 ft. with a diameter of 10 feet. A tree with a diameter of 17 ft has been recorded from Francis Cove, western North Carolina. Open grown trees have short trunks with deep, widespreading crowns. Trees in close stands tall, with little stem taper and few lateral branches. BARK—On old trunks, fibrous, deeply fissured; fissures separate; somewhat obl
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 132 CHESTNUT Castanea dentata, (Marshall) Borkhausen FOEM—A large tree usually attaining a height of 60-80 ft. with a diameter of 8-4 ft. but may reach a height of over 100 ft. with a diameter of 10 feet. A tree with a diameter of 17 ft has been recorded from Francis Cove, western North Carolina. Open grown trees have short trunks with deep, widespreading crowns. Trees in close stands tall, with little stem taper and few lateral branches. BARK—On old trunks, fibrous, deeply fissured; fissures separate; somewhat oblique ridges which are covered vvith dark brown scales. On young trunks and older branches much smoother. See Fig. 103. TWIGS—£W;out, smooth, greenish to brown, round or angular, swollen at the nodes, covered with numerous small, white, raised lenticels. Pith star-shaped. FUDS—Alternate, axillary; terminal bud absent; ovoid, i of an inch long, sharp to blunt- pointed; covered by 2-3 dark chestnut-brown scales. LEAVES—Alternate, simple, oblong-lanceolate, sharp-pointed at apex, toothed on margin, smooth on both lower and upper sides. LEAF-SCARS—Sfcmi-oval in outline; raised from twig; with numerous, rather Inconspicuous, scattered, occasionally clustered bundle-scars. FLOWERS—Appear in June or July. Stamlnate are In crowded clusters along ament; pistillate appear at base of upper aments as globular involucres. FRUIT—Matures in September or October. A bur covered with numerous, prickly spines and containing 1-5, usually 2-3 nuts. WOOD—Distinctly ring-porous; with indistinct medullary rays; quite strong in young tre«8. rather weak in older ones; yellowish-brown, very durable, splits easily, rich in tannic acid. Weighs 28 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for railroad ties, telegraph poles, fence posts, rails, cheap furniture, and tannic acid. DISTHTGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Chestmjt can readily be distinguished from all other trees except the Chinquapin by its char
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