. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. CINCHONA and its vaxieties Ledgeriana and verde; "Carthagena bark," from C. lancifolia; "Columbian bark,"from C. cordifoJia and C. lancifolia; "Gray bark," from C. micrantha, C. nitida and C. Peruviana. Certain alkaloids, namely, quinine, quinidine, cincho- nine and cinchonidine, o
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. CINCHONA and its vaxieties Ledgeriana and verde; "Carthagena bark," from C. lancifolia; "Columbian bark,"from C. cordifoJia and C. lancifolia; "Gray bark," from C. micrantha, C. nitida and C. Peruviana. Certain alkaloids, namely, quinine, quinidine, cincho- nine and cinchonidine, occur in these barks in varying quantities in different species. These alkaloids possess powerful antiperiodic, tonic and antiseptic properties. in the barks there are also quinovic and other acids, and other substances possessing astringent properties which render them useful in certain oases, where the alkaloids have failed to give f. The bark was introduced into |-,nn.|M- in KUO, by the Countess of Chinchon, witV "f ili- \ii( rnv of Peru; hence it was called ].,,«.U-r aDd Peruvian bark, and nNo .T(snit=;' Iiark, I'rMin the knowledge of it made spread by tliat rc]iLri"UK order. The word quinine is de- rived from till- li\- wliich it was known in Peru, quinaquina. r "liaik of ; Dr. Ainslii-, at thij tinl of the eighteenth century, and Dr. Forbes Royle, in his work on Himalayan botany in 1839, advocated the introduction of the trees into India. At length, in 1859, Clements Markham was entrusted by the government of India with, the task of collecting plants and seeds on the Andes, and establishing them in India. In his book "Peruvian Bark : a popular ac- count of the introduction of Cinchona cultivation into British India," Markham recounts the difficulties in S. CINCHONA 317 ^J/. Amer. and his final success. The object of the govern- ment was to put it withm the power of the poorest na- tive to purchase a dose, and t
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