Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . ng to the fact that light influences the production ofquinine in the plant, it was formerly customary to cover the bark ofthe trunk with moss or other materials, and this is known as mossedbark. For a time the cultivators followed the practice of removingthe bark in alternate strips from the trunk, the denuded places beingagain covered, after which another layer of bark developed, veryrich in alkaloids and kn
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . ng to the fact that light influences the production ofquinine in the plant, it was formerly customary to cover the bark ofthe trunk with moss or other materials, and this is known as mossedbark. For a time the cultivators followed the practice of removingthe bark in alternate strips from the trunk, the denuded places beingagain covered, after which another layer of bark developed, veryrich in alkaloids and known as renewed bark. The outer bark,consisting of the periderm layer and some of the cortex, is flattened 634 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY out and allowed to dry under pressure, and constitutes the flat (or Tambla) bark (Fig. 279). The older methods of cultivation havebeen entirely replaced by the selection of seeds from those plantsthat run high in alkaloids. The yield and quality of alkaloids in thebark are also improved by hybridizing the best trees irrespective oftheir species. For instance, much of the best Calisaya bark is Ob-tained from Cinchona Ledgeriana Fig. 279.—Commercial cinchona barks: 1, 2, 3, yellow cinchona having trans-verse fissures; 4, 5, red cinchona, the former showing longitudinal furrows;6, 7, Loxa bark (Cinchona pallida); 8, flat bark (Cinchona calisaya). Abouti actual size. About 80 per cent of the Cinchona bark of commerce is nowobtained from trees cultivated in Java. It is estimated that about6,000,000 K. of Cinchona bark are annually exported from thisIsland alone. India furnishes about 1,000,000 K. annually andabout 1,000,000 K. are produced by the remaining countries, Ceylon,Africa and South America. Red Cinchona.—Usually in double quills or rolled pieces whichare cut into lengths from 25 to 40 cm. in length, 15 to 20 mm. indiameter, bark 2 to 5 mm. in thickness; outer surface reddish or dark CINCHONA 635 brown, with grayish
Size: 1649px × 1516px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1920
