. Diseases of the rectum and anus: designed for students and practitioners of medicine. s who are to undergo a tedious operation shouldbe examined to ascertain the condition of the kidneys andproportion of the blood-corpuscles. When the count goes be-low 1,000,000 it means pernicious anemia. Leucocytosis almostinvariably accompanies exudative inflammation, and is present 53 DISEASES OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS in acute, chronic, deep, superficial, encapsulated, or diffuse sup-puration. It occurs in malignancy, and the absence of leuco-cytosis in uncomplicated cases is indicative of gall-stones, fec
. Diseases of the rectum and anus: designed for students and practitioners of medicine. s who are to undergo a tedious operation shouldbe examined to ascertain the condition of the kidneys andproportion of the blood-corpuscles. When the count goes be-low 1,000,000 it means pernicious anemia. Leucocytosis almostinvariably accompanies exudative inflammation, and is present 53 DISEASES OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS in acute, chronic, deep, superficial, encapsulated, or diffuse sup-puration. It occurs in malignancy, and the absence of leuco-cytosis in uncomplicated cases is indicative of gall-stones, fecalimpaction, obstruction, and neuralgia (Coey).^. Intestinal Discliarg-es can be inspected with either the un-aided or aided eye. Inspection frequently supports a diagnosisbased upon other clinical signs, and sometimes it is the onlymeans by which a decision can be reached. EXAMINATION OF THE FECES 2 Macrosccpic Examination shows the following: The feces of a healthy individual are light or dark brown in color, cylindricin form, firm in consistence, and usually alkaline in Fig. 17.—Mathewss Rectal Speculum. In children, because of the large amount of milk composingtheir diet, the color is Hght yellow; in healthy adults, also, thestools may become dark brown or black through the agencyof foods (red wine, huckleberries) and medicines (iron, bismuthsubnitrate, through the sulphur compounds formed by them).The dejecta are colored yellow after ingestion of rhubarb, san-tonin, and senna, and green after calomel. The normal fecalcasts usually show fissures and indentations, which indicatetheir formation from individual scybala. Not infrequently thealvine discharge appears in the form of masses resembling 1 St. Paul Medical Journal, October 27, 1900. 2 In the preparation of this article the treatise of Lenhartz—Mikroskopie undChemie am Krankenbett—has been freely drawn upon. EXAMINATION 53 sheep-manure, without the existence of any pathologic altera-tion of the intesti
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