Thulium (Tm). Diagram of the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of thulium-169 (atomic number: 69), the most common isotope of
Thulium (Tm). Diagram of the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of thulium-169 (atomic number: 69), the most common isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 69 protons (red) and 100 neutrons (yellow). 69 electrons (white) bind to the nucleus, successively occupying available electron shells (rings). Thulium is a lanthanide in period 6, and the f-block of the periodic table. It melts at 1545 degrees Celsius. The trend across the lanthanide series arises from the failure of electrons filling an inner f-subshell (here, within the 4th ring) to shield outer electrons from increasing nuclear charge.
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Photo credit: © CARLOS CLARIVAN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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