Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . t onlythree came to the test of acompetition at Chester in1S58, when the Royal Agri-cultural Society offered aprize of £500, which waswon by Fowler. In 1856,Smiths cultivator had beentried successfully at Chelms-ford, in connection with theKoyal Show, in the presenceof crowds of spectators, andfrom that year Mr. Smithworked his own land bysteam up to the end of hisoccupancy of his Woolstonfarm. He may theref
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . t onlythree came to the test of acompetition at Chester in1S58, when the Royal Agri-cultural Society offered aprize of £500, which waswon by Fowler. In 1856,Smiths cultivator had beentried successfully at Chelms-ford, in connection with theKoyal Show, in the presenceof crowds of spectators, andfrom that year Mr. Smithworked his own land bysteam up to the end of hisoccupancy of his Woolstonfarm. He may therefore boregarded as the pioneer ofsuccessful steam cultivation,although he was beaten byFowlers single-engine sys-tem in 1858; and the samemakers double-enginesystem, with balance ploughor cultivator, came most ofall into use later on. In1859, Mr. J. A. Clark, in theRoyal Agricultural SocietysJournal, gave a list of thirty-eight landowners and fannersin the United Kingdom whowere using Smiths steamcultivator, and another listof thirty-five persons whowere either usino; or aboutto use Fowlers steam improvements tookplace before the great trialsof 1864 at Newcastle were. FarmersClubs. Apron-string Farmers. 480 THE RULE OF THE MIDDLE GLASS. [1846-1865 held, when some new makers were in the iield, and the workdone by several of the competitors was highly satisfactory.^ In these times many agricultural societies were organised, andbegan to hold annual shows of live stock and implements. Thefarmers clubs, too, were in the height of their prosperity, andtheir discussions of points in farming excited a great deal ofinterest. There was more hope in the profitableness of newmethods than there has been in later times. Old-fashioned farmers, who still formed themajority of their class, deridedthe new lights and the bookfarmers, but were often induced,by little and little, to follow thelead of those whom thcj affectedto despise as teachers. One ofthe most beneficent of associa
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