Bulletin . ally no asphalt. Asphalt-base crudes are high in as-phalt and carry little or no paraffin. The crude petroleum in some 69 Deussen, Alexander, Review of developments in the Gulf coast country in 1917 : Assoc. Petroleum Geol., vol. 2, 1918, pp. 3G-37. 70 Wrather, W. E., Discussion of An interpretation of the so-called paraffin dirt of theGulf coast fields : Am. Inst. Min. Eng., Bull. 139, July, 1918, p. 1148. 71 Fdden, J. A., Handbook of aids and identification of geological formations : Dniv. ofTexas Handbook series No. 1, 1919, p. 68. 73 Rogers, G. S., Chemical relations of
Bulletin . ally no asphalt. Asphalt-base crudes are high in as-phalt and carry little or no paraffin. The crude petroleum in some 69 Deussen, Alexander, Review of developments in the Gulf coast country in 1917 : Assoc. Petroleum Geol., vol. 2, 1918, pp. 3G-37. 70 Wrather, W. E., Discussion of An interpretation of the so-called paraffin dirt of theGulf coast fields : Am. Inst. Min. Eng., Bull. 139, July, 1918, p. 1148. 71 Fdden, J. A., Handbook of aids and identification of geological formations : Dniv. ofTexas Handbook series No. 1, 1919, p. 68. 73 Rogers, G. S., Chemical relations of oil-field waters in San Joaquin Valley, California:U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. , 1017, p. 93. 73 Mills, It. van A., and Wells, Roger C, The evaporation and concentration of watersassociated with petroleum and natural gas: IT. S. Geol. Survey Dull. (;•).*», 1919, pp. 70-71. 74 Bacon, R. F., and Hamor, W. A., The American petroleum industry, vol. L 191G, BUREAU OF MINES BULLETIN 201 PLATE III. ROTARY DITCH WITH OIL SHOWING ON MUD STREAM OIL-FIELD ROCKS AND MINERALS. 31 fields is a mixture of the two classes. An oil high in paraffin has beenproduced by a few wells from strata below the main asphalt-base pro-duction of the East Side Coalinga field in California. Under cer-tain conditions, paraffin-base oils (saturated hydrocarbons) may bebroken down by the action of gypsum or gypsum-bearing waters intoasphaltic oils (unsaturated hydrocarbons).75 In a drilling well petroleum may be found in any quantity, froma whirling iridescent film on the water in the ditch, as indicated inPlate III, to a sudden and perhaps unexpected gusher flow, but allshowings of oil are not necessarily signs of oil. Grease from tooljoints can be easily be mistaken for a sign of oil, and holes in theground have been salted with oil. Failure to find oil is not con-clusive proof of its nonexistence unless the presumably favorablereservoir has been thoroughly tested. Asphaltum or tar usually show
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