. Refraction and muscular imbalance, as simplified through the use of the ski-optometer. e employed, the white scale being totallyignored. ESOPHORIA AND ExOPHORIA The next step is to set the white lines of thered Maddox rod either at white zero, or 180°line, with the rods in a horizontal position(Fig. 18) and the phorometer on the whiteneutral line, with handle horizontal, (), thus making the test for esophoria or [50] Refraction and Muscular Imbalance exophoria, technically known as lateral devia-tions. The red streak will now be seen in a verti-cal position. Should it bisect the spot o
. Refraction and muscular imbalance, as simplified through the use of the ski-optometer. e employed, the white scale being totallyignored. ESOPHORIA AND ExOPHORIA The next step is to set the white lines of thered Maddox rod either at white zero, or 180°line, with the rods in a horizontal position(Fig. 18) and the phorometer on the whiteneutral line, with handle horizontal, (), thus making the test for esophoria or [50] Refraction and Muscular Imbalance exophoria, technically known as lateral devia-tions. The red streak will now be seen in a verti-cal position. Should it bisect the spot of light,it would show that no lateral imbalance ex-ists. Should it not bisect, the existence ofeither esophoria or exophoria is proven, ne-cessitating the turning of the phorometerhandle. Should the refractionist rotate thehandle in a direction opposing that of the ex-isting imbalance, the light will be taken fur-ther away from the streak, indicating that therotation of the prisms should be reversed. At the point of bisection (Fig. 20), thephorometer will indicate on the white scale. Fig. 19—The phorometer handle placed horizontally de-notes horizontal muscles are undergoing test for eso-phoria or exophoria indicated by Es. or Ex. [51] Refraction and Muscular Imbalance whether the case is esophoria or exophoria andto what amount. In testing esophoria (ES)or exophoria (EX), the white scale is aloneemployed, no attention being given to the redscale. Fig. 20—The vertical streak bisecting muscle testing spot-light for horizontal inmbalance, as patient should see it. Making Muscle Test Before and AfterOptical Correction It is considered best to make the binoculartest before regular refraction is made, mak-ing note of the findings; and again repeatingthe test after the full optical correction hasbeen placed before the patients eye. Thisenables the refractionist to definitely deter-mine whether the correction has benefited oraggravated the muscles. Furthermore, bymaking the muscl
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