Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . , xxvii, page i, 1910. 26 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND THORAX Seventy-six males and eighty females, all apparently normal, overthe age of fifteen were investigated and tabulated by Prochovnik asfollows: Least inclination Greatest Average Males 26 degrees 76 degrees degrees Females 71 54-17 The grouping of the results suggests that a normal pelvis shows aninclination of from 50 to 60 degrees, that there is a subnormal zone from 45 to 50 degrees, a supra-normal of 60 to 65 degrees, butthat an inclination above 65 de-grees or belo
Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . , xxvii, page i, 1910. 26 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND THORAX Seventy-six males and eighty females, all apparently normal, overthe age of fifteen were investigated and tabulated by Prochovnik asfollows: Least inclination Greatest Average Males 26 degrees 76 degrees degrees Females 71 54-17 The grouping of the results suggests that a normal pelvis shows aninclination of from 50 to 60 degrees, that there is a subnormal zone from 45 to 50 degrees, a supra-normal of 60 to 65 degrees, butthat an inclination above 65 de-grees or below 45 degrees is to beregarded as pathological. Thefigures given refer to the externalconjugate and are a little higherwhen the internal conjugate istaken as determining the angle ofinclination. The whole subject of pelvic in-clination and its variations, theinfluences of such changes of in-clination on static conditions, andthe difference of inclination be-tween children and adults musttherefore be left in an unsatisfactory and unsettled Fig. 18.—Female Pelvis, MedianSection.—(Spalteholz.)The solid line running up and back fromthe symphysis indicates the external con-jugate diameter. SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE BACK The position of the spine in the median line of the body is indicatedon the normal back by a longitudinal furrow (median furrow) extend-ing from the occipital bone to the sacrum. The lower end of thefurrow corresponds to the interval between the fifth lumbar vertebraand the sacrum. In the cervical region this furrow lies between thetrapezii and complexi, and in the dorsal and lumbar regions it liesbetween the erector spinae muscles. It is usually most marked in theupper lumbar and lower dorsal regions. Identification of Vertebra.—In this median furrow the spinous proc-esses of the lower cervical vertebras can be felt easily, but the spineof the second cervical vertebra can be reached by deep pressure ina relaxed neck; in a poorly developed individual th
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