. The Principles and practice of gynecology : for students and practitioners. ment, the reader is referred to those subjects. Irritablebladder, which is often a mechanical result of the displacement andenlargement, may be relieved sometimes by means of an AlbertSmith or Hodge pessary, which lifts the organ to a higher levelaway from the bladder. In thus elevating the uterus the anteversionmay be increased rather than diminished. This proves that the symp-toms were dependent not upon the anteposition, but rather upon de- 686 DISPLA CEMENTS. scent and antelocation. Should the parts be too sensit
. The Principles and practice of gynecology : for students and practitioners. ment, the reader is referred to those subjects. Irritablebladder, which is often a mechanical result of the displacement andenlargement, may be relieved sometimes by means of an AlbertSmith or Hodge pessary, which lifts the organ to a higher levelaway from the bladder. In thus elevating the uterus the anteversionmay be increased rather than diminished. This proves that the symp-toms were dependent not upon the anteposition, but rather upon de- 686 DISPLA CEMENTS. scent and antelocation. Should the parts be too sensitive to toleratethe hard-rubber pessary or a jflexible rubber ring, the daily applicationof medicated pledgets of lambs wool may give support to the uterusand decrease tenderness until the more permanent instrument can beworn. The numerous anteversion pessaries designed to elevate thecorpus by direct pressure on the anterior wall of the uterus generallyirritate the organ and thereby aggravate the inflammatory complica-tions. They, therefore, are to be condemned. Figure Congenital anteflexion ; both cervix and corpus uteri bent forward. PATHOLOGICAL ANTEFLEXION OF THE UTERUS. A comprehensive study of pathological anteflexion would have totake into account the abnormal conditions usually associated with it ;these may have the relation of cause or eifect, or be a concurrentresult of some common cause. A distinction between normal and pathological anteflexion w^ouldshow that an essential factor in the former is mobility at the angle offlexure which permits the degree of flexure to vary within certaindefined limits. The limit of normal anteflexion is approximately 90degrees. The physiological variation is somewhat commensurate withthe varying quantity of fluid in the bladder. The body of the uterus rests upon the bladder, and must riseas the bladder becomes distended. Conversely, if the urine be drawn ANTEVERSION AjSD ANTEFLEXION OF THE UTERUS. 687 througli a catlieter, even Av
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