. Contributions from the Osborn Botanical Laboratory. Plants. Vegetation of Northern Cape Breton. 329 attributable to the erosive effect of wind-driven snow in winter, a phenomenon which will be referred to again in connection with the vegetation of the barrens. Wherever a shingle beach borders on the mainland, there is a tendency for the forests of the adjoining upland to encroach on the beach (Fig. 27), and even on barriers and spits scrubby forests are frequently developed- on the older parts of the upper beach (Fig. 29), usually on lea slopes where there is optimum. Figure 29.—Stunted bals
. Contributions from the Osborn Botanical Laboratory. Plants. Vegetation of Northern Cape Breton. 329 attributable to the erosive effect of wind-driven snow in winter, a phenomenon which will be referred to again in connection with the vegetation of the barrens. Wherever a shingle beach borders on the mainland, there is a tendency for the forests of the adjoining upland to encroach on the beach (Fig. 27), and even on barriers and spits scrubby forests are frequently developed- on the older parts of the upper beach (Fig. 29), usually on lea slopes where there is optimum. Figure 29.—Stunted balsam firs (foreground) and scrubby forest (left background) on shingle beach; St. Ann's Bay; compare Fig. 33. protection from wind and wave. Such forests are quite open, and are composed almost wholly of white spruce and balsam fir, which seldom reach here a height of more than twenty-five feet. In the open spaces between the trees grow in more or less pro- fusion various of the shrubs and herbaceous plants which have been listed as occurring on the upper beach, \yhile certain less xerophytic species, which have been cited earlier as characteristic of the pioneer forest stage in the ordinary upland series, are found here also. Common bryophytes in the shade of the trees are Ptilidium ciliare, Dicranum Bonjeanii, Dicranum undulatum, Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. XXII 21 1918. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Osborn Botanical Laboratory. [New Haven?] Osborn Botanical Laboratory, Yale University
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