. Concrete bridges and culverts, for both railroads and highways . IllinoisCentral, the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago & (Big Four), and other branches of the NewYork Central Railroad system. A notable concretetrestle or viaduct that has attracted much attentionis the one recently built at Richmond, Virginia, forthe Richmond & Chesapeake Bay Railroad Com-pany. This viaduct is 2,800 feet in length, andvaries in height from 18 feet at the ends to 70 feetnear the middle, and is shown in Figure 40. At At-lanta, Georgia, there is a reinforced concrete viaductcarrying Nelson street over the
. Concrete bridges and culverts, for both railroads and highways . IllinoisCentral, the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago & (Big Four), and other branches of the NewYork Central Railroad system. A notable concretetrestle or viaduct that has attracted much attentionis the one recently built at Richmond, Virginia, forthe Richmond & Chesapeake Bay Railroad Com-pany. This viaduct is 2,800 feet in length, andvaries in height from 18 feet at the ends to 70 feetnear the middle, and is shown in Figure 40. At At-lanta, Georgia, there is a reinforced concrete viaductcarrying Nelson street over the tracks of the South-ern Railroad. It contains 10 spans of variouslengths from 20 to 75 feet, has a total length of 480feet, and is shown in Figure 41. The main line ofthe Big Four Railroad is carried for a distance of 189 190 COXCRETE BRIDGES AXD CULVERTS. feet across the Lawrenceville Bottoms on areinforced concrete trestle 20 feet in height. Thisentire region is periodically flooded with backwaterfrom the Ohio and ^Miami rivers, making it neces-. Fig. STREET VIADUCT, , GEORGIA. sary to build, not only this road, but all others inthe vicinity at an elevation of 30 feet above low-Avater level of the Ohio River. On the following pages are designs and estimatesfor about 1,000 railroad culverts and trestles, and CONCRETE CiElliRTS AXP TRESTLES. 191 the estimated costs are given on charts shown inFigures 46, 47 and G6. Tt will be seen that the trestle designs are equallysuitable for culverts, and may be adapted for thatpurpose by increasing their width to correspondwith the depth of structure below the base of rail,or to conform to the depth of the used as culverts, abutment wing walls mustbe added and the nature of the foundation soil maybe such as to require culvert pavement. Thesemodifications in the trestle estimates may easily bemade either for one or more openings, and adaptedfor either single or double box culverts. The culvert des
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