. Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Vol. 4, p. 80 Asiatic Herpetological Research February 1992. FIG. 3. Sea basin and land during the Upper Miocene (Sarmat Sea is hatched). 1- Hypothesized distribution of Phrynocephalus maculatus ancestor; 2- Hypothesized distribution of Phrynocephalus raddei ancestor. The arrow shows the direction of continuing dispersal of the forms of the Phrynocephalus guttatus complex. sanguinolentus, Eremias sp., and Varanus cf. griseus are known from the Pliocene in Turkmenia (Ananjeva and Gorelov, 1981; Bakr
. Asiatic herpetological research. Reptiles -- Asia Periodicals; Amphibians -- Asia Periodicals. Vol. 4, p. 80 Asiatic Herpetological Research February 1992. FIG. 3. Sea basin and land during the Upper Miocene (Sarmat Sea is hatched). 1- Hypothesized distribution of Phrynocephalus maculatus ancestor; 2- Hypothesized distribution of Phrynocephalus raddei ancestor. The arrow shows the direction of continuing dispersal of the forms of the Phrynocephalus guttatus complex. sanguinolentus, Eremias sp., and Varanus cf. griseus are known from the Pliocene in Turkmenia (Ananjeva and Gorelov, 1981; Bakradze and Chkhikvadze, 1988) In the Pliocene, the genus Phrynocephalus could have divided into species complexes or into the genera Phrynocepnalus and Megalochilus (Ananjeva, 1986) on the territory of the southern Kara-Kum Desert. Federovitch (1946) assumes that one should look for the origin of typical recent sandy desert vegetation associations in the Neogene in the Kara-Kum (Fig. 4). The Miocene may be considered as the time when the ancestral form of the Phrynocehalus guttatus complex (Figs. 5 and 6) from the Central Asian center penetrated as far as the eastern boundaries of the Tethys (recent regions of Pamir-Alai and Gissar-Darvaz mountains), (Fig. 2). This territory, now occupied by mountains and intermountain depressions, resembled low mountain relief now present northwest of Samarkand and Djizak (Voskresensky, 1968). The subsequent dispersion of this group to the west was along the northern shore of the Thetys (later the Sarmat Sea, Fig. 3). Further spreading to the north was. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Asiatic Herpetological Research Society; Chung-kuo liang chi pa hsing tung wu hs©eh hui. Berkeley, Calif. : Asiatic Herpetological Research Society : Chinese Society for the Stu
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