. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. lacked his masters genius. Mazarin was hated as a foreigner, and theQueen Regent, Anne of i\.ustria (acting for young Louis XIV), though decidedlyunder his influence, did not support him capably. The nobility and the dis-affected citizens of Paris again raised their heads. Spain aided the insurgentswith armies. Between 1648 and 1653, France was racked by the so-called Warsof the Fronde. Then the ill-considered insurrection dwindled away. Mazarintook up the work of Richelieu, — the organizing of France into one closelycentralized
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. lacked his masters genius. Mazarin was hated as a foreigner, and theQueen Regent, Anne of i\.ustria (acting for young Louis XIV), though decidedlyunder his influence, did not support him capably. The nobility and the dis-affected citizens of Paris again raised their heads. Spain aided the insurgentswith armies. Between 1648 and 1653, France was racked by the so-called Warsof the Fronde. Then the ill-considered insurrection dwindled away. Mazarintook up the work of Richelieu, — the organizing of France into one closelycentralized despotic monarchy. This work was largely completed when he diedin 1661, and turned the government and its polities over to his royal pupil,Louis XIV. 3I2 HISTORY OF EUROPE undoubtedly a mighty monarch. He was of great personaldignity: he was as majestic in his dressing-gown as whendressed in robes of state, or on horseback at the head of histroops. He looked the part of a great potentate, and took hisposition very seriously. He had much intelligence, a ready. LOUIS XIV, SURROUNDED BY HIS COURT, CONFERRING THE BATON OF MARSHAL OF FRANCE, THE HIGHEST MILITARY HONOR {From a contemporary almanac) courtesy, and knew when to unbend. When he believed hisprerogatives were not trenched upon, he was capable of muchkindliness. Unluckily, however, he was the vainest of mortals,and never did great king lack for a swarm of flatterers. Church-men and courtiers alike had taught him from his youth thatkings were anointed of God; for their actions they wereaccountable solely to heaven; their subjects could only obey LOUIS XIV, DOMINATOR OF EUROPE 313 with diligence. Majesty is the image of the grandeur of Godin the prince, wrote Bossuet, a famous French , at best of very mortal stuff, was readily convinced bysuch declarations. Throughout nearly his whole life he treatedthe weal of France as synonymous with his own ambitionto extend his frontiers and play the conqueror. Anything l
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