Elementary biology; an introduction to Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life elementarybiolog00grue Year: 1924 INSECTS AND OTHER ORGANISMS 419 The gypsy moth has been known as a pest for nearly two hundred years. The larvae feed upon the foliage of many kinds of forest and orchard trees, ruining the plants completely (see Figs, 220, 221). The codling moth is familiar to everyone who has found a wormy apple. This insect is present wherever apple trees are grown, and in some re- gions it destroys from 40 to 7 5 per cent of the crop (see Fig. 222). The Hessian fly is so call
Elementary biology; an introduction to Elementary biology; an introduction to the science of life elementarybiolog00grue Year: 1924 INSECTS AND OTHER ORGANISMS 419 The gypsy moth has been known as a pest for nearly two hundred years. The larvae feed upon the foliage of many kinds of forest and orchard trees, ruining the plants completely (see Figs, 220, 221). The codling moth is familiar to everyone who has found a wormy apple. This insect is present wherever apple trees are grown, and in some re- gions it destroys from 40 to 7 5 per cent of the crop (see Fig. 222). The Hessian fly is so called because it was sup- posed to have come to this country with the Hes- sian soldiers during the Revolutionary War. It has spread to all parts of the world, probably at- tached in the pupal stage to wheat straw used as packing for merchandise or as bedding for horses and cattle. It has caused great damage to wheat, and it sometimes attacks barley and rye. The San Jose scale has been very destructive to fruit trees, attacking the leaves and twigs as well as the fruit of many cultivated species. It was introduced from China on some nursery stock and was Fig. 220. The gypsy moth [Poiihetiia dispar). {a, b, c, shghtly enlarged ; d, shghtly reduced) This animal was introduced into this country about i86g, in the course of some experiments made to find a substitute for the silk moth, and in twenty years it became so great a nuisance that the legis- lature of Massachusetts made an appropriation for the study of methods to be used in checking the insect. In ten years over a million dollars was spent in the fight, but further work was stopped by some of the legislators whose regions had not been affected. The insects then multiplied to such an alarming extent that in 1906 about a quarter of a million dollars was again spent in the fight. a, male adult; b, female ; c, larva; d, pupa
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