. Eyes and no eyes. uish-grey leaves differ from those ofany other tree. But early in the autumn they turnyellow and fall. Then you will know the tree by itscurious long, flat, narrow fruits (3), which hang ingroups from the branches like bunches of keys. Infact, they are called keys. They hang on some-times quite into the winter, till the rough windstear them off. You may often find a young ash-tree growing inyour garden, for they are very hardy. But rabbitsare fond of eating the young seedlings, so they havenot much chance to grow. Young ash stems areoften used for walking-sticks and hop-pol
. Eyes and no eyes. uish-grey leaves differ from those ofany other tree. But early in the autumn they turnyellow and fall. Then you will know the tree by itscurious long, flat, narrow fruits (3), which hang ingroups from the branches like bunches of keys. Infact, they are called keys. They hang on some-times quite into the winter, till the rough windstear them off. You may often find a young ash-tree growing inyour garden, for they are very hardy. But rabbitsare fond of eating the young seedlings, so they havenot much chance to grow. Young ash stems areoften used for walking-sticks and hop-poles, and thewood, when full-grown, sells very well for coach-building and for making furniture. We all know Elm-trees so well that perhaps youmay think that there is nothing interesting to learnabout them. But I wonder if you have noticed that TEE A8E AND TEE ELM. 65 the twigs of an elm grow on the trunk almost to thebottom of the tree unless they are lopped o£P. AndI am almost sure that many of you do not know that. TIP OF A BRANCH OF ASH. 1. Leaf of nine Leaflets. 2. Flowers. 3. Fruit, called Keys. the twigs are often covered with little lumps of corkmaking the branch look as if it were diseased. It is really quite healthy, but it tells a secret, TREES AND SHRUBS. namely, that the elm has a very corky bark. Evenon the trunk the cork is thick and rugged, and onthe small branches it has no room to spread, andhas to lie in lumps. The inner part of the barkcalled the liber is very tough, and is used for making mats andropes. The commonelm, which so oftengrows in rows be-tween the fields, oris planted on thevillage green, wasbrought to Englandby the Romans. It is not quiteat home even now, for its seeds donot ripen, except in very hotsummers, and new trees have tobe planted from suckers. The real old elm of England is the Wych elm or Scotch elm. It has not such a tall trunk as the common elm, for its big branches grow out much lower do^vn. Its leaves are bigger, and its seeds ripe
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