. A civic biology : presented in problems. Biology; Sanitation. 192 EVOLUTION. The bison, an almost extinct mammal. Adaptations in Mammalia. - - Of the thirty-five hundred species, most inhabit continents; a few species are found on different islands, and some, as the whale, inhabit the ocean. They vary in size from the whale and the elephant to tiny shrew mice and moles. Adapta- tions to different habitat and methods of life abound; the seal and whale have the limbs modified into nippers, the sloth and squirrel have limbs pecul- iarly adapted to climbing, while the bats have the fore limbs mo
. A civic biology : presented in problems. Biology; Sanitation. 192 EVOLUTION. The bison, an almost extinct mammal. Adaptations in Mammalia. - - Of the thirty-five hundred species, most inhabit continents; a few species are found on different islands, and some, as the whale, inhabit the ocean. They vary in size from the whale and the elephant to tiny shrew mice and moles. Adapta- tions to different habitat and methods of life abound; the seal and whale have the limbs modified into nippers, the sloth and squirrel have limbs pecul- iarly adapted to climbing, while the bats have the fore limbs modeled for flight. Lowest Mammals. - The lowest are the monotremes, animals which lay eggs like the birds, although they are provided with hairy covering like other mammals. Such are the Aus- tralian spiny anteater and the duck mole. All other mammals bring forth their young developed to a form simi- lar to their own. The kangaroo and opossum, however, are provided with a pouch on the under side of the body in which the very immature, blind, and helpless young are nourished until they are able to care for themselves. These pouched animals are called marsupials. The other mammals may be briefly classified as follows: — CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHER MAMMALS ORDER I. Edentata. Toothless or with very simple teeth. Examples: anteater, sloth, armadillo. ORDER II. Rodentia. Incisor teeth chisel-shaped, usually two above and two below. Examples : beaver, rat, porcupine, rabbit, squirrel. ORDER III. Cetacea. Adapted to marine life. Examples : whale, porpoise. ORDER IV. Ungulata. Hoofs, teeth adapted for grinding. Examples : (a) odd- toed, horse, rhinoceros, tapir; (6) even-toed, ox, pig, sheep, deer. ORDER V. Carnivora. Long canine teeth, sharp and long claws. Examples : dog, cat, lion, bear, seal, and sea lion. ORDER VI. Insectivora. Example : mole. ORDER VII. Cheiroptera. Fore limbs adapted to flight, teeth pointed. Example: bat. ORDER VIII. Primates. Erect or nearly so, fore appendage pr
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