. A text-book of agricultural zoology. Zoology, Agricultural; Zoology, Economic. THE SKELETON AND ANATOMY OF BIRDS. 339 cavities are nwre or less connected with the air, and the bones are spoken of as " pneumatic " bones. The vertebrae of the neck (fig. 175, A-B) allow the bird con- siderable powers of movement in that region; they vary from eight to as many as twenty-three. The dorsal vary from six to ten (5-C), the first four Ijeing anohylosed together (7), so as to give support to the powerful fore-limbs or wings. We cannot z%?'7- OP 10$ I I. Fig. 17(5,—Skull ok Fowl. FM, Premaxil
. A text-book of agricultural zoology. Zoology, Agricultural; Zoology, Economic. THE SKELETON AND ANATOMY OF BIRDS. 339 cavities are nwre or less connected with the air, and the bones are spoken of as " pneumatic " bones. The vertebrae of the neck (fig. 175, A-B) allow the bird con- siderable powers of movement in that region; they vary from eight to as many as twenty-three. The dorsal vary from six to ten (5-C), the first four Ijeing anohylosed together (7), so as to give support to the powerful fore-limbs or wings. We cannot z%?'7- OP 10$ I I. Fig. 17(5,—Skull ok Fowl. FM, Premaxillary; Hr, maxilla; P, palatini ; N, nasal; L, lachrymal; JOS, intf-r- orbiUil septuiu; OF, interorbital foranien; Zl', zygomatic process of frnntal; ZP2, same of squamosal; DC, occipital condyle; TC, tym]ianic recess; FO, foramen ovale; ATC, anterior tympanic recess ; FI^, foramen of fifth nerve ; Q, quadrate ; QJ, quadrate jugal; Ft, pterygoid; SA, supra-angular ; D, dentary ; MF, mandibular foramen. distinguish any lumbars. The bones between the dorsal and the caudal are all united, forming the sacrum much as in mammals ; but to this sacrum the ilia (S) are joined completely : thus the spine in this region and the pelvis (fig. 178) are incapable of movement. The tail vertebras (D-E) also vary in number, usually eight to ten, and are movable. The last joint of the tail is long and slender, and forms the curious " ploughshare ". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Theobald, Frederick Vincent, 1868-1930. Edinburgh and London, W. Blackwood and Sons
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1899
