. The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent; designed for the use of practitioners and students . Fig. 246. Errors to be avoided. — Two errors are not uncommon when makingX-ray examinations of bones. The first occurs only in patients wherethe epiphyseal line is still present; this line has been mistaken for afracture, hence the importance of familiarity on the part of the surgeonwith the characteristics of the bones of persons of different ages (seeChapter XVII, Introduction to Surgery, page 455); the other is due tothe reliance placed upon one
. The Roentgen rays in medicine and surgery as an aid in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent; designed for the use of practitioners and students . Fig. 246. Errors to be avoided. — Two errors are not uncommon when makingX-ray examinations of bones. The first occurs only in patients wherethe epiphyseal line is still present; this line has been mistaken for afracture, hence the importance of familiarity on the part of the surgeonwith the characteristics of the bones of persons of different ages (seeChapter XVII, Introduction to Surgery, page 455); the other is due tothe reliance placed upon one photograph for the determination of thepresence or absence of a fracture. Two photographs should be taken,as above stated, to avoid this error, the direction of the light when thefirst view is taken being at right angles to its direction when the secondphotograph is made. Advantages of Permeable Splints and Dressings. — Wooden splintsand cotton dressings are preferable to plaster, and to dressings that 472 THE ROENTGEN RAYS IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Soft rubber drainage tube. Silver wire. Going from left to right, theneedles are threaded withcatgut, horsehair, silkwormgut, iron-dyed silk, andsilk, respectively. Fig. 247. Radiograph of: Tin. Plaster-of-paris bandage 6 mm. four times as thick as the splint 3 mm. board 6 mm. thick. Iodoform FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS 473 obstruct the rays, whether an X-ray photograph is to be taken or anexamination made with the fluorescent screen, because they allow thesurgeon to see the position of the parts, and learn whether it has beenproperly set without removing the splints, and to watch the process ofrepair going on. The preceding cut illustrates the various degrees ofobstruction offered to the X-rays by different kinds of splints anddressings, and by buckles, pins, etc. The following cut (Fig. 248, fracture of both bones of the leg) sho
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