. Philippine life in town and country. ofthe issue involved. The Filipino radicals havecontended, falling back upon the intrinsic justiceof the case, that the churches of the Philippineswere built by Filipino labour and Filipino contri-butions, and therefore were the property of theFilipino people, being held in trust for them bythe constituted government under American sove- The Religious Question 171 reignty. Legally, the question has its trouble-some aspects, not only where an issue of facts israised, but also in the underlying difference be-tween the Crown of Spain, royal patron ofreligion
. Philippine life in town and country. ofthe issue involved. The Filipino radicals havecontended, falling back upon the intrinsic justiceof the case, that the churches of the Philippineswere built by Filipino labour and Filipino contri-butions, and therefore were the property of theFilipino people, being held in trust for them bythe constituted government under American sove- The Religious Question 171 reignty. Legally, the question has its trouble-some aspects, not only where an issue of facts israised, but also in the underlying difference be-tween the Crown of Spain, royal patron ofreligion/ and the United States Government,which is forbidden by its Constitution to exercisejurisdiction in religious matters. But it is prop-erly a question for judicial determination, and tothe courts it has gone (perhaps will come finallyto the Supreme Court of the United States), inhappy contrast to the struggle over the ques-tion of confiscation which must inevitably havefollowed upon the establishment of a prematureFilipino §w> CHAPTER VI CACIQUISM AND IvOCAI, SKI,F-GOVKRNMENT THE chief obstacle to social and political pro-gress in the Philippines is caciquism,,,the term by which bossism is known in thoseregions. Bossism, as the term is now applied inthe United States, is, howrever, not an accuratetranslation of the Philippine word. A cacique inthose islands is a combination of our politicalboss, the schoolmaster in Goldsmiths DesertedVillage, the old Virginia landlord, and the leaderin the local four hundred or the husband ofsuch. One may glean indications of the exist-ence of such a family, or of such families, in thelife of quiet rural villages of New England informer times. But the picture one may imagineof such rural bossism will not quite fit the Philip-pine conditions. One must introduce somethingof the colour of the South before the war, evenpartially to realise it. Imagine a rural com-munity, secure in the political dominion of oneselectman, or of one o
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